{
  "edition": "1.1",
  "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
  "sources_reviewed": 46,
  "sources_unresolved": 1,
  "source_verification_is_not_claim_verification": true,
  "records": [
    {
      "id": "HRW-RABAA",
      "date": "2014-08-12",
      "event": "2013-08-14",
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "killings",
      "publisher": "Human Rights Watch",
      "title": "All According to Plan: The Rab’a Massacre and Mass Killings of Protesters in Egypt",
      "url": "https://www.hrw.org/report/2014/08/12/all-according-plan/raba-massacre-and-mass-killings-protesters-egypt",
      "en": "HRW investigated six protest killings in July–August 2013. It documented a minimum of 817 killed at Rabaa and assessed the attacks as likely crimes against humanity.",
      "it": "HRW ha indagato su sei episodi di uccisione di manifestanti nel luglio–agosto 2013. Ha documentato almeno 817 morti a Rabaa e valutato gli attacchi come probabili crimini contro l’umanità.",
      "ar": "حققت هيومن رايتس ووتش في ست وقائع قتل لمتظاهرين في يوليو–أغسطس 2013، ووثقت حدًا أدنى قدره 817 قتيلًا في رابعة، وقيّمت الهجمات باعتبارها جرائم محتملة ضد الإنسانية.",
      "limit_en": "The report documents killings of protesters in six incidents in July and August 2013. The minimum of 817 killed refers specifically to Rabaa.",
      "limit_it": "Il rapporto documenta uccisioni di manifestanti in sei episodi nel luglio e agosto 2013. Il minimo di 817 morti riguarda specificamente Rabaa.",
      "limit_ar": "يوثق التقرير قتل المتظاهرين في ست وقائع خلال يوليو وأغسطس 2013. ويخص الحد الأدنى البالغ 817 قتيلًا مجزرة رابعة وحدها.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "day"
    },
    {
      "id": "HRW-ESTIMATE",
      "date": "2017-09-06",
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "imprisonment",
      "publisher": "Human Rights Watch",
      "title": "Egypt: Torture Epidemic May Be Crime Against Humanity",
      "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/09/06/egypt-torture-epidemic-may-be-crime-against-humanity",
      "en": "HRW estimated at least 60,000 arrests or charges since the 2013 coup. This historical estimate is not a verified current count of political prisoners.",
      "it": "HRW stimava almeno 60.000 persone arrestate o incriminate dal golpe del 2013. È una stima storica, non un censimento verificato attuale dei prigionieri politici.",
      "ar": "قدرت هيومن رايتس ووتش اعتقال أو اتهام ما لا يقل عن 60 ألف شخص منذ انقلاب 2013. هذا تقدير تاريخي، وليس تعدادًا حاليًا متحققًا للسجناء السياسيين.",
      "limit_en": "Arrest/charge totals and the number imprisoned on a particular day measure different things. No current prison census is established here.",
      "limit_it": "Arresti e incriminazioni non misurano il numero detenuto in un dato giorno. Qui non è disponibile un censimento carcerario attuale.",
      "limit_ar": "الاعتقالات والاتهامات لا تقيس عدد الموجودين بالسجون في يوم محدد؛ لا يتوفر هنا تعداد حالي.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact"
    },
    {
      "id": "UN-MORSI-COMM",
      "date": "2019-10-28",
      "event": "2019-06-17",
      "type": "un",
      "topic": "morsi",
      "publisher": "UN Special Procedures",
      "title": "AL EGY 9/2019 — communication to Egypt",
      "url": "https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=24856",
      "en": "UN experts addressed Mohamed Morsi’s isolation and denial of treatment for diabetes and hypertension, and their possible contribution to his death during a court hearing on 17 June 2019.",
      "it": "Gli esperti ONU hanno affrontato l’isolamento di Mohamed Morsi e la negazione delle cure per il diabete e l’ipertensione, e il loro possibile contributo alla sua morte durante un’udienza il 17 giugno 2019.",
      "ar": "تناولت مراسلة خبراء الأمم المتحدة عزل الرئيس محمد مرسي وحرمانه من الرعاية اللازمة للسكري وارتفاع ضغط الدم، وصلتهما بوفاته أثناء جلسة المحاكمة في 17 يونيو 2019.",
      "limit_en": "A UN communication raising concerns about denial of treatment and the need to investigate the circumstances of death and establish accountability.",
      "limit_it": "Comunicazione ONU sulle preoccupazioni per la negazione delle cure e sulla necessità di indagare le circostanze della morte e accertare le responsabilità.",
      "limit_ar": "مراسلة أممية تربط مخاوف الحرمان من العلاج بواجب التحقيق في ظروف الوفاة والمساءلة عنها.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "day"
    },
    {
      "id": "UN-MORSI-STATEMENT",
      "date": "2019-11-08",
      "event": "2019-06-17",
      "type": "un",
      "topic": "morsi",
      "publisher": "OHCHR / UN independent experts; preserved by ecoi.net",
      "title": "Egypt: UN experts denounce Morsi brutal prison conditions",
      "url": "https://www.ecoi.net/de/dokument/2019946.html",
      "original_url": "https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25270&LangID=E",
      "en": "UN experts said the conditions could amount to a state-sanctioned arbitrary killing and called for an independent, impartial investigation.",
      "it": "Esperti ONU hanno affermato che le condizioni potrebbero configurare un’uccisione arbitraria avallata dallo Stato, chiedendo un’indagine indipendente e imparziale.",
      "ar": "قال الخبراء إن الظروف قد ترقى إلى قتل تعسفي تقره الدولة، وطالبوا بتحقيق مستقل ومحايد.",
      "limit_en": "UN experts called for an independent investigation and said the detention conditions could amount to a state-sanctioned arbitrary killing.",
      "limit_it": "Valutazione condizionale di esperti, non condanna penale. Pagina OHCHR non accessibile allo strumento; dichiarazione letta nella copia identificata.",
      "limit_ar": "طالب خبراء الأمم المتحدة بتحقيق مستقل، وقالوا إن ظروف الاحتجاز قد ترقى إلى قتل تعسفي تقره الدولة.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "day"
    },
    {
      "id": "AI-DISAPPEARANCE",
      "date": "2016-07-13",
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "disappearance",
      "publisher": "Amnesty International",
      "title": "Officially, you do not exist — disappeared and tortured in the name of counter-terrorism",
      "url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde12/4331/2016/en/",
      "en": "Amnesty documented accounts of enforced disappearance and torture involving the National Security Agency, and failures to investigate coerced confessions.",
      "it": "Amnesty ha documentato accuse di sparizioni e torture attribuite alla National Security Agency e mancate indagini su confessioni estorte.",
      "ar": "وثقت العفو الدولية شهادات عن الاختفاء القسري والتعذيب على يد قطاع الأمن الوطني، وعدم التحقيق في الاعترافات المنتزعة بالإكراه.",
      "limit_en": "NGO investigation. Disappearance is not proof of death; a later prosecutor appearance must be recorded as an update.",
      "limit_it": "Indagine ONG. La sparizione non prova la morte; la successiva comparizione davanti alla procura richiede un aggiornamento.",
      "limit_ar": "تحقيق حقوقي. الاختفاء لا يثبت الوفاة؛ ويجب تسجيل الظهور اللاحق أمام النيابة كتحديث.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact"
    },
    {
      "id": "AI-SSSP",
      "date": "2019-11-27",
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "trials",
      "publisher": "Amnesty International",
      "title": "Permanent State of Exception: Abuses by the Supreme State Security Prosecution",
      "url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde12/1399/2019/en/",
      "en": "Amnesty documented arbitrary detention, accounts of torture and misuse of counterterrorism powers by the Supreme State Security Prosecution.",
      "it": "Amnesty ha esaminato detenzione arbitraria, accuse di tortura e abuso dei poteri antiterrorismo da parte della procura suprema per la sicurezza dello Stato.",
      "ar": "وثقت العفو الدولية الاحتجاز التعسفي وشهادات التعذيب وإساءة استخدام صلاحيات مكافحة الإرهاب لدى نيابة أمن الدولة العليا.",
      "limit_en": "The report examines detention and prosecution practices that undermine rights and fair-trial safeguards.",
      "limit_it": "Valutazione sui diritti, non giudizio su ogni imputato o su tutti i procedimenti antiterrorismo.",
      "limit_ar": "يركز التقرير على أنماط الاحتجاز والملاحقة التي تقوّض الحقوق وضمانات المحاكمة العادلة.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact"
    },
    {
      "id": "AI-HEALTH",
      "date": "2021-01-25",
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "custody",
      "publisher": "Amnesty International",
      "title": "What do I care if you die? Negligence and denial of health care in Egyptian prisons",
      "url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde12/3538/2021/en/",
      "en": "Amnesty reported inadequate prison conditions and denial of health care that may have contributed to preventable deaths and lasting harm.",
      "it": "Amnesty ha segnalato condizioni carcerarie inadeguate e cure negate che potrebbero aver contribuito a morti evitabili e danni permanenti.",
      "ar": "أبلغت العفو الدولية عن ظروف احتجاز ورعاية غير كافية ربما ساهمت في وفيات قابلة للتجنب وأضرار دائمة.",
      "limit_en": "Report-specific findings; not a national annual death census or a diagnosis of every case.",
      "limit_it": "Risultati del rapporto, non censimento nazionale annuale dei decessi né diagnosi di ogni caso.",
      "limit_ar": "نتائج التقرير ليست تعدادًا وطنيًا سنويًا للوفيات أو تشخيصًا لكل حالة.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact"
    },
    {
      "id": "HRW-EXECUTIONS",
      "date": "2021-09-07",
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "killings",
      "publisher": "Human Rights Watch",
      "title": "Security Forces Dealt with Them — suspicious killings and extrajudicial executions",
      "url": "https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/09/07/security-forces-dealt-them/suspicious-killings-and-extrajudicial-executions",
      "en": "HRW examined 14 individual cases within nine incidents involving 75 deaths, challenging official accounts that the victims died in shootouts.",
      "it": "HRW ha esaminato 14 casi individuali in nove episodi con 75 morti, contestando le versioni ufficiali di scontri a fuoco.",
      "ar": "فحصت هيومن رايتس ووتش 14 حالة فردية ضمن تسع وقائع شملت 75 وفاة، وطعنت في روايات رسمية عن مقتل الضحايا في اشتباكات.",
      "limit_en": "These are nested sample sizes, not figures to add together or a national total.",
      "limit_it": "Sono campioni inclusi uno nell’altro, non cifre da sommare né un totale nazionale.",
      "limit_ar": "هذه أحجام عينات متداخلة؛ لا تُجمع ولا تمثل إجماليًا وطنيًا.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact"
    },
    {
      "id": "AI-MASS-TRIAL",
      "date": "2014-06-21",
      "event": "2014-06-21",
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "trials",
      "publisher": "Amnesty International",
      "title": "Egypt sentences a further 183 people to death in new purge of political opposition",
      "url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2014/06/egypt-sentences-further-people-death-new-purge-political-opposition-2/",
      "en": "Amnesty criticised mass death sentencing and distinguished earlier recommendations from subsequently imposed sentences.",
      "it": "Amnesty ha criticato le condanne a morte di massa, distinguendo le precedenti raccomandazioni dalle pene successivamente imposte.",
      "ar": "انتقدت العفو الدولية أحكام الإعدام الجماعية، مع التمييز بين الإحالات السابقة والأحكام التي فُرضت لاحقًا.",
      "limit_en": "Sentence, recommendation, appeal and execution are different procedural stages. This library does not equate them.",
      "limit_it": "Raccomandazione, sentenza, impugnazione ed esecuzione sono fasi distinte; la biblioteca non le equipara.",
      "limit_ar": "الإحالة والحكم والطعن والتنفيذ مراحل مختلفة؛ لا تساوي المكتبة بينها.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "day"
    },
    {
      "id": "UK-CPIN",
      "date": "2026-03",
      "event": null,
      "type": "government",
      "topic": "uk",
      "publisher": "UK Home Office",
      "title": "Country policy and information note: opposition to the state, Egypt, March 2026 — version 5.0",
      "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/egypt-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-policy-and-information-note-opposition-to-the-state-egypt-march-2026-accessible",
      "en": "The Home Office assesses risks facing perceived opponents and documents restrictions on expression, protest and fair-trial rights. The page was updated on 14 August 2026.",
      "it": "Il Ministero dell’Interno britannico valuta i rischi per gli oppositori percepiti e le restrizioni a espressione, protesta e giusto processo. Pagina aggiornata il 14 agosto 2026.",
      "ar": "تقيّم الداخلية البريطانية المخاطر التي تواجه من يُعتبرون معارضين، وقيود التعبير والتظاهر والمحاكمة العادلة. حُدثت الصفحة في 14 أغسطس 2026.",
      "limit_en": "Government country-policy assessment drawing on multiple sources; not an individual asylum decision or independent verification of every cited incident.",
      "limit_it": "Valutazione governativa basata su più fonti, non decisione individuale d’asilo né verifica indipendente di ogni episodio citato.",
      "limit_ar": "تقييم حكومي يستند إلى مصادر متعددة؛ ليس قرار لجوء فرديًا أو تحققًا مستقلاً من كل واقعة مقتبسة.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact"
    },
    {
      "id": "US-2024",
      "date": "2025-08-12",
      "event": null,
      "type": "government",
      "topic": "overview",
      "publisher": "US Department of State; ecoi.net mirror",
      "title": "2024 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Egypt",
      "url": "https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/2128475.html",
      "original_url": "https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/egypt/",
      "en": "The US report documents serious human rights concerns and continuing failures of accountability during 2024.",
      "it": "Il rapporto statunitense documenta gravi preoccupazioni per i diritti umani e persistenti carenze nell’accertamento delle responsabilità durante il 2024.",
      "ar": "يعرض التقرير الأمريكي انتهاكات خطيرة لحقوق الإنسان واستمرار أوجه قصور المساءلة خلال عام 2024.",
      "limit_en": "Published in 2025 about 2024. A government assessment, preserved by an identified mirror, not a 2026 event report.",
      "limit_it": "Pubblicato nel 2025 sugli eventi del 2024. Valutazione governativa in copia identificata, non rapporto sugli eventi del 2026.",
      "limit_ar": "نُشر في 2025 عن 2024؛ تقييم حكومي محفوظ في نسخة معرّفة، وليس تقرير أحداث 2026.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact"
    },
    {
      "id": "HRW-WR2026",
      "date": "2026",
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "overview",
      "publisher": "Human Rights Watch",
      "title": "World Report 2026: Egypt — events of 2025",
      "url": "https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2026/country-chapters/egypt",
      "en": "HRW’s 2026 edition reviews repression, prison conditions and fair-trial concerns during 2025. The report year must not be mistaken for the year of its events.",
      "it": "L’edizione 2026 di HRW esamina repressione, carceri e garanzie processuali nel 2025. L’anno del rapporto non coincide con quello degli eventi.",
      "ar": "تراجع نسخة هيومن رايتس ووتش لعام 2026 القمع وظروف السجون وضمانات المحاكمة خلال 2025؛ سنة التقرير ليست سنة الوقائع.",
      "limit_en": "NGO annual review; publication day not supplied on the retrieved chapter. Use dated sources for 2026 developments.",
      "limit_it": "Rassegna annuale ONG; giorno di pubblicazione non indicato nel capitolo recuperato. Per il 2026 servono fonti datate.",
      "limit_ar": "مراجعة سنوية حقوقية؛ يوم النشر غير ظاهر في الفصل المسترجع. تُستخدم مصادر مؤرخة لتطورات 2026.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact"
    },
    {
      "id": "EFHR-TRIALS2026",
      "date": "2026-02-22",
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "trials",
      "publisher": "Egyptian Front for Human Rights",
      "title": "Trials Without Safeguards — September 2024–January 2026",
      "url": "https://egyptianfront.org/2026/02/trials-without-safeguards-systematic-patterns-of-fair-trial-violations-before-terrorism-criminal-circuits-september-2024-january-2026/",
      "en": "EFHR reports patterns of fair-trial violations before terrorism criminal circuits over September 2024–January 2026.",
      "it": "EFHR segnala violazioni del giusto processo davanti alle sezioni penali antiterrorismo tra settembre 2024 e gennaio 2026.",
      "ar": "ترصد الجبهة المصرية أنماطًا من انتهاكات المحاكمة العادلة أمام دوائر الإرهاب بين سبتمبر 2024 ويناير 2026.",
      "limit_en": "Monitoring report with a defined observation period; allegations are not a conviction of judicial officers.",
      "limit_it": "Monitoraggio su un periodo definito; le accuse non equivalgono a condanne di magistrati.",
      "limit_ar": "تقرير رصد لفترة محددة؛ ادعاءاته لا تعادل إدانة جنائية للقضاة.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact"
    },
    {
      "id": "EFHR-PRISONS2026",
      "date": "2026-10-09",
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "2026",
      "publisher": "Egyptian Front for Human Rights / joint rights statement",
      "title": "Escalating Protests Inside Prisons",
      "url": "https://egyptianfront.org/2026/10/escalating-protests-inside-prisons-pretrial-detention/",
      "en": "Rights groups reported protests in several prisons and detention-renewal hearings over prolonged detention, calling for protection and investigations.",
      "it": "Organizzazioni per i diritti hanno segnalato proteste in varie carceri e udienze di rinnovo della custodia contro detenzioni prolungate, chiedendo protezione e indagini.",
      "ar": "أبلغت منظمات حقوقية عن احتجاجات في سجون وجلسات تجديد احتجاز ضد الحبس المطول، وطالبت بالحماية والتحقيق.",
      "limit_en": "Publication-date snapshot, not an exact date for every protest. Joint signatories do not constitute independent corroboration of one another.",
      "limit_it": "Situazione alla data di pubblicazione, non data esatta di ogni protesta. I cofirmatari non sono conferme indipendenti reciproche.",
      "limit_ar": "لقطة بتاريخ النشر لا تاريخ دقيق لكل احتجاج. توقيع منظمات متعددة لا يجعلها مصادر مستقلة تؤيد بعضها.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact"
    },
    {
      "id": "IT-REGENI-2026-01",
      "date": "2026-09-28",
      "event": "2026-09-28",
      "type": "reporting",
      "topic": "regeni",
      "publisher": "Radio Radicale; recording of I Corte di Assise di Roma hearing",
      "title": "Court-hearing record: first-instance Regeni verdict",
      "url": "https://www.radioradicale.it/scheda/799643/processo-per-la-morte-di-giulio-regeni-sentenza?i=5102657",
      "en": "A hearing record reports three ten-year kidnapping convictions; Sabir was acquitted of kidnapping, and Sharif of the additional injury and murder counts.",
      "it": "La registrazione dell’udienza riporta tre condanne a dieci anni per sequestro; Sabir assolto dal sequestro e Sharif dalle ulteriori imputazioni di lesioni e omicidio.",
      "ar": "يسجل محضر الجلسة المصوّر ثلاث إدانات بالخطف لعشر سنوات؛ بُرئ صابر من الخطف وشريف من التهم الإضافية بالإصابة والقتل.",
      "limit_en": "First-instance outcome or procedural record; signed merits judgment and appeal filings not retrieved. Transliteration varies.",
      "limit_it": "Esito di primo grado o atto processuale; sentenza di merito firmata e ricorsi non acquisiti. Traslitterazioni variabili.",
      "limit_ar": "نتيجة ابتدائية أو سجل إجرائي؛ لم نحصل على الحكم الموضوعي الموقع أو ملفات الطعون، وتختلف تهجئة الأسماء.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "day"
    },
    {
      "id": "IT-REGENI-2026-02",
      "date": "2026-09-28",
      "event": "2026-09-28",
      "type": "reporting",
      "topic": "regeni",
      "publisher": "Reuters via Internazionale",
      "title": "Regeni: court reporting and possible appeal",
      "url": "https://www.internazionale.it/ultime-notizie-reuters/2026/09/28/italian-court-convicts-three-egyptians-over-regeni-murder-acquits-fourth",
      "en": "Reuters corroborates the differentiated verdicts. The prosecutor was considering an appeal; no filed appeal or final judgment was verified here.",
      "it": "Reuters conferma gli esiti distinti. La procura valutava un’impugnazione; qui non è stato verificato un ricorso depositato né un giudicato.",
      "ar": "تؤيد رويترز تمييز نتائج التهم. كانت النيابة تدرس الطعن؛ لم نتحقق هنا من إيداع طعن أو صيرورة الحكم نهائيًا.",
      "limit_en": "First-instance outcome or procedural record; signed merits judgment and appeal filings not retrieved. Transliteration varies.",
      "limit_it": "Esito di primo grado o atto processuale; sentenza di merito firmata e ricorsi non acquisiti. Traslitterazioni variabili.",
      "limit_ar": "نتيجة ابتدائية أو سجل إجرائي؛ لم نحصل على الحكم الموضوعي الموقع أو ملفات الطعون، وتختلف تهجئة الأسماء.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "day"
    },
    {
      "id": "IT-REGENI-2026-03",
      "date": "2026-02-04",
      "event": "2026-01-30",
      "type": "judicial",
      "topic": "regeni",
      "publisher": "Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana / Corte Costituzionale",
      "title": "Constitutional Court judgment 12/2026",
      "url": "https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2026/02/04/T-260012/s1",
      "en": "An official Italian constitutional ruling concerns defence-consultant expenses in the absent-defendant proceeding. It is procedural, not the September verdict on guilt.",
      "it": "La decisione costituzionale italiana riguarda le spese dei consulenti della difesa nel procedimento in assenza. È processuale, non il verdetto di settembre sulla colpevolezza.",
      "ar": "يتعلق الحكم الدستوري الإيطالي بمصاريف خبراء الدفاع في المحاكمة الغيابية. هو إجرائي، وليس حكم سبتمبر في المسؤولية الجنائية.",
      "limit_en": "First-instance outcome or procedural record; signed merits judgment and appeal filings not retrieved. Transliteration varies.",
      "limit_it": "Esito di primo grado o atto processuale; sentenza di merito firmata e ricorsi non acquisiti. Traslitterazioni variabili.",
      "limit_ar": "نتيجة ابتدائية أو سجل إجرائي؛ لم نحصل على الحكم الموضوعي الموقع أو ملفات الطعون، وتختلف تهجئة الأسماء.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "day"
    },
    {
      "id": "EG-2026-DOUMA",
      "date": "2026-06-03",
      "event": "2026-06-03",
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "2026",
      "publisher": "Amnesty International USA",
      "title": "Ahmed Douma: reported one-year sentence",
      "url": "https://www.amnestyusa.org/press-releases/egypt-unjust-one-year-prison-sentence-for-activist-ahmed-douma-emblematic-of-egypts-ongoing-arbitrary-detention-crisis/",
      "en": "Amnesty reported a one-year sentence on false-news charges linked to writing about detention, and criticised the fairness of the trial.",
      "it": "Amnesty ha riferito una condanna a un anno per notizie false legata a scritti sulla detenzione, criticando l’equità del processo.",
      "ar": "أبلغت العفو الدولية عن حكم بسنة بتهم أخبار كاذبة مرتبطة بالكتابة عن الاحتجاز، وانتقدت عدالة المحاكمة.",
      "limit_en": "Source-attributed assessment at publication; later status is not established here. Charges are not findings of guilt.",
      "limit_it": "Valutazione attribuita alla fonte alla pubblicazione; situazione successiva non accertata. Le accuse non provano la colpevolezza.",
      "limit_ar": "تقييم منسوب للمصدر عند النشر؛ الحالة اللاحقة غير مثبتة هنا، والاتهام لا يثبت الإدانة.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "day"
    },
    {
      "id": "EG-2026-MAY25",
      "date": "2026-06-08",
      "event": "2026-05-25",
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "2026",
      "publisher": "Human Rights Watch / Amr Magdi",
      "title": "Families’ gathering organisers arrested",
      "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/06/08/egypts-answer-to-unjust-detentions-is-more-arrests",
      "en": "HRW reported arrests after a prisoners’ families gathering. Its June account records two releases on bail and another organiser remaining detained.",
      "it": "HRW ha segnalato arresti dopo un incontro di familiari di detenuti. A giugno riferiva due scarcerazioni su cauzione e un organizzatore ancora detenuto.",
      "ar": "أبلغت هيومن رايتس ووتش عن اعتقالات بعد تجمع لأسر سجناء؛ وفي روايتها المنشورة في يونيو أُفرج عن شخصين بكفالة وبقي منظم آخر محتجزًا.",
      "limit_en": "Source-attributed assessment at publication; later status is not established here. Charges are not findings of guilt.",
      "limit_it": "Valutazione attribuita alla fonte alla pubblicazione; situazione successiva non accertata. Le accuse non provano la colpevolezza.",
      "limit_ar": "تقييم منسوب للمصدر عند النشر؛ الحالة اللاحقة غير مثبتة هنا، والاتهام لا يثبت الإدانة.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "day"
    },
    {
      "id": "EG-2026-REFUGEES",
      "date": "2026-07-07",
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "2026",
      "publisher": "Human Rights Watch",
      "title": "Refugees and asylum seekers: arrests and deportations",
      "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/07/07/egypt-refugees-asylum-seekers-arrested-deported",
      "en": "HRW reported arrests and deportations amid residency-renewal delays, including UNHCR-registered people. Its interviews do not establish a national total.",
      "it": "HRW ha segnalato arresti ed espulsioni durante ritardi nei rinnovi dei permessi, anche di persone registrate UNHCR. Le interviste non stabiliscono un totale nazionale.",
      "ar": "أبلغت هيومن رايتس ووتش عن اعتقالات وترحيلات وسط تأخر تجديد الإقامة، شملت مسجلين لدى مفوضية اللاجئين؛ المقابلات لا تثبت إجماليًا وطنيًا.",
      "limit_en": "Source-attributed assessment at publication; later status is not established here. Charges are not findings of guilt.",
      "limit_it": "Valutazione attribuita alla fonte alla pubblicazione; situazione successiva non accertata. Le accuse non provano la colpevolezza.",
      "limit_ar": "تقييم منسوب للمصدر عند النشر؛ الحالة اللاحقة غير مثبتة هنا، والاتهام لا يثبت الإدانة.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact"
    },
    {
      "id": "EG-2026-ALSHAL",
      "date": "2026-07-08",
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "2026",
      "publisher": "Human Rights Watch",
      "title": "Ahmed al-Waleed al-Shal: medical-care concern",
      "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/07/08/egypt-prisoner-with-apparent-brain-tumor-denied-care",
      "en": "HRW reported family concerns about an apparent brain mass and inadequate care. An apparent tumour is not a confirmed diagnosis.",
      "it": "HRW ha riportato timori familiari per un’apparente massa cerebrale e cure inadeguate. Un tumore apparente non è una diagnosi confermata.",
      "ar": "نقلت هيومن رايتس ووتش مخاوف الأسرة من كتلة دماغية ظاهرة ورعاية غير كافية؛ لا تمثل الكتلة المشتبه بها تشخيصًا مؤكدًا.",
      "limit_en": "Source-attributed assessment at publication; later status is not established here. Charges are not findings of guilt.",
      "limit_it": "Valutazione attribuita alla fonte alla pubblicazione; situazione successiva non accertata. Le accuse non provano la colpevolezza.",
      "limit_ar": "تقييم منسوب للمصدر عند النشر؛ الحالة اللاحقة غير مثبتة هنا، والاتهام لا يثبت الإدانة.",
      "event_precision": "not_exact",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15"
    },
    {
      "id": "EG-2026-MATSADAASH-ARREST",
      "date": "2026-09-30",
      "event": "2026-09-28",
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "2026",
      "publisher": "Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights",
      "title": "Matsadaash: September arrests",
      "url": "https://ww.eipr.org/en/press/2026/09/eipr-condemns-arrest-all-6-matsaddash-journalists-less-24-hours",
      "en": "EIPR reported the arrest of all six Matsadaash journalists on 28–29 September. Its initial disappearance account requires the October update below.",
      "it": "EIPR ha segnalato l’arresto dei sei giornalisti di Matsadaash il 28–29 settembre. La prima notizia di sparizione va letta con l’aggiornamento di ottobre.",
      "ar": "أبلغت المبادرة المصرية عن اعتقال صحفيي متصدقش الستة في 28–29 سبتمبر؛ يجب قراءة رواية الاختفاء الأولى مع تحديث أكتوبر أدناه.",
      "limit_en": "Historical status, superseded by the October update. EIPR also represents the journalists.",
      "limit_it": "Situazione storica, aggiornata in ottobre. EIPR rappresenta anche i giornalisti.",
      "limit_ar": "حالة تاريخية حدّثها بيان أكتوبر؛ المبادرة تمثل الصحفيين قانونيًا أيضًا.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "day"
    },
    {
      "id": "EG-2026-MATSADAASH-HRW",
      "date": "2026-10-02",
      "event": "2026-10-01",
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "2026",
      "publisher": "Human Rights Watch",
      "title": "Matsadaash: competing accounts",
      "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/10/02/egypt-authorities-arrest-entire-investigative-newsroom",
      "en": "Human Rights Watch documents the arrests of Matsadaash journalists in the context of repression of independent journalism and fact-checking.",
      "it": "Human Rights Watch documenta gli arresti dei giornalisti di Matsadaash nel contesto della repressione del giornalismo indipendente e della verifica delle notizie.",
      "ar": "توثق هيومن رايتس ووتش اعتقال صحفيي منصة متصدقش، في سياق قمع الصحافة المستقلة والعمل على كشف المعلومات المضللة.",
      "limit_en": "Source-attributed assessment at publication; later status is not established here. Charges are not findings of guilt.",
      "limit_it": "Valutazione attribuita alla fonte alla pubblicazione; situazione successiva non accertata. Le accuse non provano la colpevolezza.",
      "limit_ar": "تقييم منسوب للمصدر عند النشر؛ الحالة اللاحقة غير مثبتة هنا، والاتهام لا يثبت الإدانة.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "day"
    },
    {
      "id": "EG-2026-MATSADAASH-UPDATE",
      "date": "2026-10-07",
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "2026",
      "publisher": "Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights",
      "title": "Matsadaash: prosecutor appearances and torture allegations",
      "url": "https://ww.eipr.org/en/press/2026/10/eipr-statement-response-public-prosecution-statement-detention-matsadaash%E2%80%99s-entire",
      "en": "EIPR documented the journalists’ appearances before prosecutors and reported accounts of torture and coercion.",
      "it": "EIPR ha documentato la comparizione dei giornalisti davanti ai pubblici ministeri e riferito testimonianze di tortura e coercizione.",
      "ar": "وثقت المبادرة المصرية ظهور الصحفيين أمام النيابة، ونقلت إفادات عن التعذيب والإكراه.",
      "limit_en": "Source-attributed assessment at publication; later status is not established here. Charges are not findings of guilt.",
      "limit_it": "Valutazione attribuita alla fonte alla pubblicazione; situazione successiva non accertata. Le accuse non provano la colpevolezza.",
      "limit_ar": "تقييم منسوب للمصدر عند النشر؛ الحالة اللاحقة غير مثبتة هنا، والاتهام لا يثبت الإدانة.",
      "event_precision": "not_exact",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15"
    },
    {
      "id": "HRW-MATROUH",
      "date": "2025-05-14",
      "event": "2025-04-10",
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "killings",
      "publisher": "Human Rights Watch",
      "title": "Egypt: Apparent Extrajudicial Killings",
      "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/05/14/egypt-apparent-extrajudicial-killings",
      "en": "HRW challenged the official shootout account in two Marsa Matrouh deaths, citing evidence the men had surrendered and were in custody.",
      "it": "HRW ha contestato la versione ufficiale di uno scontro a fuoco per due morti a Marsa Matrouh, citando prove di resa e custodia.",
      "ar": "طعنت هيومن رايتس ووتش في رواية اشتباك رسمي بشأن مقتل رجلين بمطروح، مستندة إلى أدلة على تسليمهما نفسيهما ووجودهما في الحجز.",
      "limit_en": "Rights documentation concerning two men killed after evidence that they surrendered and were in custody; this incident is kept separate from cumulative totals.",
      "limit_it": "Documentazione sui diritti umani relativa a due uomini uccisi dopo elementi indicanti che si erano arresi ed erano in custodia; l’episodio resta distinto dai totali cumulativi.",
      "limit_ar": "توثيق حقوقي لمقتل رجلين بعد أدلة على تسليمهما نفسيهما ووقوعهما في الحجز؛ تبقى هذه الواقعة منفصلة عن أي حصيلة تراكمية.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "day"
    },
    {
      "id": "UN-CAT2023",
      "date": "2023-12-12",
      "event": null,
      "type": "un",
      "topic": "disappearance",
      "publisher": "UN Committee against Torture",
      "title": "CAT/C/EGY/CO/5 — concluding observations on Egypt",
      "url": "https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4eyLOzyj6w3%2Bv%2FH%2BXMt2wFyPmTTtbfOzWXKfXDpSstfQjszZ6Nz8VoT0jEjxwNAbIVA5Susfg0KZ665dxHfI7g%3D%3D",
      "en": "The Committee against Torture raised concerns about counterterrorism laws, incommunicado detention, enforced disappearance and detainees’ access to lawyers.",
      "it": "Il Comitato contro la tortura ha espresso preoccupazione per le leggi antiterrorismo, la detenzione in isolamento dal mondo esterno, le sparizioni forzate e l’accesso degli arrestati agli avvocati.",
      "ar": "أبدت لجنة مناهضة التعذيب مخاوف بشأن قوانين مكافحة الإرهاب والاحتجاز بمعزل عن العالم الخارجي والاختفاء القسري وحرمان المحتجزين من الوصول إلى المحامين.",
      "limit_en": "Treaty-body observations and recommendations, not individual criminal verdicts. See paragraphs 11–16.",
      "limit_it": "Osservazioni e raccomandazioni di un organo di trattato, non verdetti penali individuali. Paragrafi 11–16.",
      "limit_ar": "ملاحظات وتوصيات هيئة تعاهدية، لا أحكام جنائية فردية. الفقرات 11–16.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact"
    },
    {
      "id": "CFJ-2019",
      "date": "2019-12-10",
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "custody",
      "publisher": "Committee for Justice",
      "title": "With No Accountability",
      "url": "https://www.cfjustice.org/with-no-accountability/",
      "en": "Source for the custody observations or methodology below. Figures retain their own reporting period and verification limits.",
      "it": "Fonte delle osservazioni sulla custodia o della metodologia sotto. Le cifre conservano periodo e limiti di verifica propri.",
      "ar": "مصدر لبيانات الاحتجاز أو منهجيتها أدناه؛ تُحفظ فترة الرصد وحدود التحقق لكل رقم.",
      "limit_en": "NGO documentation, not an exhaustive national census. Revisions and overlapping categories prevent automatic summation.",
      "limit_it": "Documentazione ONG, non censimento nazionale esaustivo. Revisioni e sovrapposizioni impediscono somme automatiche.",
      "limit_ar": "توثيق حقوقي وليس تعدادًا وطنيًا شاملاً؛ المراجعات وتداخل الفئات يمنعان الجمع الآلي.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact"
    },
    {
      "id": "CFJ-2020",
      "date": "2021-04-13",
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "custody",
      "publisher": "Committee for Justice",
      "title": "Annual report: Egypt in 2020",
      "url": "https://www.cfjustice.org/annual-report-egypt-in-2020-was-torn-between-intensified-repression-and-the-covid-19-pandemic/",
      "en": "Source for the custody observations or methodology below. Figures retain their own reporting period and verification limits.",
      "it": "Fonte delle osservazioni sulla custodia o della metodologia sotto. Le cifre conservano periodo e limiti di verifica propri.",
      "ar": "مصدر لبيانات الاحتجاز أو منهجيتها أدناه؛ تُحفظ فترة الرصد وحدود التحقق لكل رقم.",
      "limit_en": "NGO documentation, not an exhaustive national census. Revisions and overlapping categories prevent automatic summation.",
      "limit_it": "Documentazione ONG, non censimento nazionale esaustivo. Revisioni e sovrapposizioni impediscono somme automatiche.",
      "limit_ar": "توثيق حقوقي وليس تعدادًا وطنيًا شاملاً؛ المراجعات وتداخل الفئات يمنعان الجمع الآلي.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact"
    },
    {
      "id": "CFJ-2021",
      "date": "2022-05-09",
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "custody",
      "publisher": "Committee for Justice",
      "title": "Egyptian prisons: rehabilitation centres or graves for human rights",
      "url": "https://www.cfjustice.org/egyptian-prisons-rehabilitation-centres-or-graves-for-human-rights/",
      "en": "Source for the custody observations or methodology below. Figures retain their own reporting period and verification limits.",
      "it": "Fonte delle osservazioni sulla custodia o della metodologia sotto. Le cifre conservano periodo e limiti di verifica propri.",
      "ar": "مصدر لبيانات الاحتجاز أو منهجيتها أدناه؛ تُحفظ فترة الرصد وحدود التحقق لكل رقم.",
      "limit_en": "NGO documentation, not an exhaustive national census. Revisions and overlapping categories prevent automatic summation.",
      "limit_it": "Documentazione ONG, non censimento nazionale esaustivo. Revisioni e sovrapposizioni impediscono somme automatiche.",
      "limit_ar": "توثيق حقوقي وليس تعدادًا وطنيًا شاملاً؛ المراجعات وتداخل الفئات يمنعان الجمع الآلي.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact"
    },
    {
      "id": "CFJ-2022",
      "date": "2023-05-19",
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "custody",
      "publisher": "Committee for Justice",
      "title": "Egypt in 2022: CFJ documented 7283 violations in detention centers",
      "url": "https://www.cfjustice.org/egypt-in-2022-cfj-documented-7283-violations-in-detention-centers-2/",
      "en": "Source for the custody observations or methodology below. Figures retain their own reporting period and verification limits.",
      "it": "Fonte delle osservazioni sulla custodia o della metodologia sotto. Le cifre conservano periodo e limiti di verifica propri.",
      "ar": "مصدر لبيانات الاحتجاز أو منهجيتها أدناه؛ تُحفظ فترة الرصد وحدود التحقق لكل رقم.",
      "limit_en": "NGO documentation, not an exhaustive national census. Revisions and overlapping categories prevent automatic summation.",
      "limit_it": "Documentazione ONG, non censimento nazionale esaustivo. Revisioni e sovrapposizioni impediscono somme automatiche.",
      "limit_ar": "توثيق حقوقي وليس تعدادًا وطنيًا شاملاً؛ المراجعات وتداخل الفئات يمنعان الجمع الآلي.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact"
    },
    {
      "id": "CFJ-2023",
      "date": "2024-03-21",
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "custody",
      "publisher": "Committee for Justice",
      "title": "Egypt committed 3,537 human rights violations against detainees in 2023, says CFJ",
      "url": "https://www.cfjustice.org/egypt-committed-3537-human-rights-violations-against-detainees-in-2023-says-cfj/",
      "en": "Source for the custody observations or methodology below. Figures retain their own reporting period and verification limits.",
      "it": "Fonte delle osservazioni sulla custodia o della metodologia sotto. Le cifre conservano periodo e limiti di verifica propri.",
      "ar": "مصدر لبيانات الاحتجاز أو منهجيتها أدناه؛ تُحفظ فترة الرصد وحدود التحقق لكل رقم.",
      "limit_en": "NGO documentation, not an exhaustive national census. Revisions and overlapping categories prevent automatic summation.",
      "limit_it": "Documentazione ONG, non censimento nazionale esaustivo. Revisioni e sovrapposizioni impediscono somme automatiche.",
      "limit_ar": "توثيق حقوقي وليس تعدادًا وطنيًا شاملاً؛ المراجعات وتداخل الفئات يمنعان الجمع الآلي.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact"
    },
    {
      "id": "CFJ-2024-confirm",
      "date": "2025-05-09",
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "custody",
      "publisher": "Committee for Justice",
      "title": "CFJ death report at Menya al-Qamh",
      "url": "https://www.cfjustice.org/egypt-the-cfj-documents-death-of-political-detainee-due-to-medical-negligence-at-menya-al-qamh-police-station-in-sharqia/",
      "en": "Source for the custody observations or methodology below. Figures retain their own reporting period and verification limits.",
      "it": "Fonte delle osservazioni sulla custodia o della metodologia sotto. Le cifre conservano periodo e limiti di verifica propri.",
      "ar": "مصدر لبيانات الاحتجاز أو منهجيتها أدناه؛ تُحفظ فترة الرصد وحدود التحقق لكل رقم.",
      "limit_en": "NGO documentation, not an exhaustive national census. Revisions and overlapping categories prevent automatic summation.",
      "limit_it": "Documentazione ONG, non censimento nazionale esaustivo. Revisioni e sovrapposizioni impediscono somme automatiche.",
      "limit_ar": "توثيق حقوقي وليس تعدادًا وطنيًا شاملاً؛ المراجعات وتداخل الفئات يمنعان الجمع الآلي.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact"
    },
    {
      "id": "CFJ-2025-annual",
      "date": "2026-02-17",
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "custody",
      "publisher": "Committee for Justice",
      "title": "Annual Analytical Report 2025",
      "url": "https://www.cfjustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Annual-Analytical-Report-2025-.pdf",
      "en": "2025 annual report: the numeric passage requires page-level verification and is excluded as a settled annual count.",
      "it": "Rapporto annuale 2025: il passaggio numerico richiede verifica della pagina ed è escluso come dato annuo accertato.",
      "ar": "تقرير 2025: المقطع الرقمي يحتاج تحققًا من الصفحة، ولا يُعتمد كحصيلة سنوية محسومة.",
      "limit_en": "NGO documentation, not an exhaustive national census. Revisions and overlapping categories prevent automatic summation.",
      "limit_it": "Documentazione ONG, non censimento nazionale esaustivo. Revisioni e sovrapposizioni impediscono somme automatiche.",
      "limit_ar": "توثيق حقوقي وليس تعدادًا وطنيًا شاملاً؛ المراجعات وتداخل الفئات يمنعان الجمع الآلي.",
      "review": "unresolved",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact"
    },
    {
      "id": "CFJ-2025-UN",
      "date": "2026-06-24",
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "custody",
      "publisher": "Committee for Justice",
      "title": "Oral Statement HRC62",
      "url": "https://www.cfjustice.org/oral-statement-hrc62-cfj-urges-the-human-rights-council-to-address-the-death-penalty-through-the-lens-of-the-prohibition-of-torture-and-deaths-in-detention-facilities-in-egypt/",
      "en": "Source for the custody observations or methodology below. Figures retain their own reporting period and verification limits.",
      "it": "Fonte delle osservazioni sulla custodia o della metodologia sotto. Le cifre conservano periodo e limiti di verifica propri.",
      "ar": "مصدر لبيانات الاحتجاز أو منهجيتها أدناه؛ تُحفظ فترة الرصد وحدود التحقق لكل رقم.",
      "limit_en": "NGO documentation, not an exhaustive national census. Revisions and overlapping categories prevent automatic summation.",
      "limit_it": "Documentazione ONG, non censimento nazionale esaustivo. Revisioni e sovrapposizioni impediscono somme automatiche.",
      "limit_ar": "توثيق حقوقي وليس تعدادًا وطنيًا شاملاً؛ المراجعات وتداخل الفئات يمنعان الجمع الآلي.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact"
    },
    {
      "id": "CFJ-2026-September",
      "date": "2026-09-28",
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "custody",
      "publisher": "Committee for Justice",
      "title": "Death of Ahmed Abu Suna inside Tanta First Police Station",
      "url": "https://www.cfjustice.org/egypt-committee-for-justice-documents-the-death-of-ahmed-abu-suna-inside-tanta-first-police-station-following-a-deterioration-in-his-health-condition/",
      "en": "Source for the custody observations or methodology below. Figures retain their own reporting period and verification limits.",
      "it": "Fonte delle osservazioni sulla custodia o della metodologia sotto. Le cifre conservano periodo e limiti di verifica propri.",
      "ar": "مصدر لبيانات الاحتجاز أو منهجيتها أدناه؛ تُحفظ فترة الرصد وحدود التحقق لكل رقم.",
      "limit_en": "NGO documentation, not an exhaustive national census. Revisions and overlapping categories prevent automatic summation.",
      "limit_it": "Documentazione ONG, non censimento nazionale esaustivo. Revisioni e sovrapposizioni impediscono somme automatiche.",
      "limit_ar": "توثيق حقوقي وليس تعدادًا وطنيًا شاملاً؛ المراجعات وتداخل الفئات يمنعان الجمع الآلي.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact"
    },
    {
      "id": "CFJ-method",
      "date": null,
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "custody",
      "publisher": "Committee for Justice",
      "title": "CFJ Methodology and Use of Legal Terminology",
      "url": "https://www.cfjustice.org/cfj-methodology-and-use-of-legal-terminology/",
      "en": "Source for the custody observations or methodology below. Figures retain their own reporting period and verification limits.",
      "it": "Fonte delle osservazioni sulla custodia o della metodologia sotto. Le cifre conservano periodo e limiti di verifica propri.",
      "ar": "مصدر لبيانات الاحتجاز أو منهجيتها أدناه؛ تُحفظ فترة الرصد وحدود التحقق لكل رقم.",
      "limit_en": "NGO documentation, not an exhaustive national census. Revisions and overlapping categories prevent automatic summation.",
      "limit_it": "Documentazione ONG, non censimento nazionale esaustivo. Revisioni e sovrapposizioni impediscono somme automatiche.",
      "limit_ar": "توثيق حقوقي وليس تعدادًا وطنيًا شاملاً؛ المراجعات وتداخل الفئات يمنعان الجمع الآلي.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact"
    },
    {
      "id": "Nadeem-2018",
      "date": "2019-06-20",
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "custody",
      "publisher": "El Nadeem / joint statement",
      "title": "Medical neglect in prisons ... Morsi will not be the last victim",
      "url": "https://elnadeem.org/2019/06/20/2191/?lang=en",
      "en": "Source for the custody observations or methodology below. Figures retain their own reporting period and verification limits.",
      "it": "Fonte delle osservazioni sulla custodia o della metodologia sotto. Le cifre conservano periodo e limiti di verifica propri.",
      "ar": "مصدر لبيانات الاحتجاز أو منهجيتها أدناه؛ تُحفظ فترة الرصد وحدود التحقق لكل رقم.",
      "limit_en": "NGO documentation, not an exhaustive national census. Revisions and overlapping categories prevent automatic summation.",
      "limit_it": "Documentazione ONG, non censimento nazionale esaustivo. Revisioni e sovrapposizioni impediscono somme automatiche.",
      "limit_ar": "توثيق حقوقي وليس تعدادًا وطنيًا شاملاً؛ المراجعات وتداخل الفئات يمنعان الجمع الآلي.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact"
    },
    {
      "id": "AI-WOMEN",
      "date": "2015-01-21",
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "women",
      "publisher": "Amnesty International",
      "title": "Circles of hell: violence against women, including in state custody",
      "url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2015/01/egypt-token-reforms-fail-end-scourge-pervasive-violence-against-women/",
      "en": "Amnesty documents torture and sexual violence against women in state custody, including degrading treatment of pregnant prisoners.",
      "it": "Amnesty documenta torture e violenza sessuale contro donne in custodia statale, compresi trattamenti degradanti delle detenute incinte.",
      "ar": "توثق العفو الدولية التعذيب والعنف الجنسي ضد النساء في الاحتجاز، بما يشمل المعاملة المهينة للسجينات الحوامل.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact",
      "limit_en": "Read the source for its interview base, dates and evidentiary scope.",
      "limit_it": "Consultare la fonte per interviste, date e portata delle prove.",
      "limit_ar": "تُراجع الوثيقة لمعرفة مقابلاتها وتواريخها ونطاق الأدلة."
    },
    {
      "id": "HRW-HODA",
      "date": "2026-03-24",
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "women",
      "publisher": "Human Rights Watch / Amr Magdi",
      "title": "Hoda Abdel Moneim: a daughter in exile, a mother imprisoned",
      "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/03/24/of-egyptian-prisons-and-exile-a-story-of-separation",
      "en": "HRW records Hoda Abdel Moneim’s disappearance, isolation and renewed prosecution after completing her sentence. Her daughter describes the lasting harm of their separation.",
      "it": "HRW ricostruisce sparizione, isolamento e nuova incriminazione di Hoda Abdel Moneim dopo la pena scontata. La figlia racconta il dolore duraturo della separazione.",
      "ar": "يوثق التقرير إخفاء هدى عبد المنعم وعزلها وتدويرها بعد انتهاء عقوبتها، وتنقل ابنتها أثر سنوات الفصل القسري على الأسرة.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact",
      "limit_en": "Read the source for its interview base, dates and evidentiary scope.",
      "limit_it": "Consultare la fonte per interviste, date e portata delle prove.",
      "limit_ar": "تُراجع الوثيقة لمعرفة مقابلاتها وتواريخها ونطاق الأدلة."
    },
    {
      "id": "HRW-CHILDREN",
      "date": "2020-03-23",
      "event": null,
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "children",
      "publisher": "Human Rights Watch and Belady: An Island for Humanity",
      "title": "No One Cared He Was A Child: security forces’ abuse of children in detention",
      "url": "https://www.hrw.org/report/2020/03/23/no-one-cared-he-was-child/egyptian-security-forces-abuse-children-detention",
      "en": "The joint investigation documents abuses against 20 children arrested aged 12–17, including enforced disappearance, torture and detention with adults.",
      "it": "L’indagine congiunta documenta abusi contro 20 minori arrestati tra 12 e 17 anni, comprese sparizioni forzate, tortura e detenzione con adulti.",
      "ar": "يوثق التحقيق المشترك انتهاكات بحق 20 طفلًا اعتُقلوا بين 12 و17 عامًا، بينها الإخفاء القسري والتعذيب والاحتجاز مع البالغين.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "not_exact",
      "limit_en": "Read the source for its interview base, dates and evidentiary scope.",
      "limit_it": "Consultare la fonte per interviste, date e portata delle prove.",
      "limit_ar": "تُراجع الوثيقة لمعرفة مقابلاتها وتواريخها ونطاق الأدلة."
    },
    {
      "id": "EIPR-WALID",
      "date": "2026-08-11",
      "event": "2026-08-10",
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "disability",
      "publisher": "Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights",
      "title": "Mohamed Walid: detention continued despite severe disability and health risks",
      "url": "https://www.eipr.org/press/2026/08/للمرة-الثانية-الجنايات-تؤجل-محاكمة-محمد-وليد-مع-استمرار-حبسه-وتجاهل-حالته-الصحية",
      "en": "EIPR, part of the defence team, describes severe disability, denial of necessary treatment and exhausting transfers. Arrested at 19, Walid is an adult; three co-defendants are children.",
      "it": "EIPR, parte della difesa, descrive grave disabilità, cure necessarie negate e trasferimenti estenuanti. Arrestato a 19 anni, Walid è adulto; tre coimputati sono minori.",
      "ar": "توثق المبادرة، العضو بفريق الدفاع، إعاقة شديدة وحرمانًا من العلاج وتنقلات مرهقة. اعتُقل وليد في عمر 19 عامًا؛ هو بالغ، ومعه ثلاثة أطفال بالقضية.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "day",
      "limit_en": "Status as reported on 11 August 2026; no outcome of the scheduled 14 October hearing is verified here.",
      "limit_it": "Situazione riferita l’11 agosto 2026; esito dell’udienza prevista il 14 ottobre non verificato.",
      "limit_ar": "الوضع كما ورد في 11 أغسطس 2026؛ لم يُتحقق هنا من نتيجة جلسة 14 أكتوبر المقررة."
    },
    {
      "id": "HRW-MORSI-DEATH",
      "date": "2019-06-17",
      "event": "2019-06-17",
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "morsi",
      "publisher": "Human Rights Watch",
      "title": "Morsi’s death followed isolation, mistreatment and inadequate medical care",
      "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/06/17/egypt-independently-investigate-morsys-death",
      "en": "HRW describes years of isolation, mistreatment and inadequate medical care before Morsi died in the courtroom cage. He had diabetes and had previously reported diabetic comas.",
      "it": "HRW descrive anni di isolamento, maltrattamenti e cure inadeguate prima della morte di Morsi nella gabbia del tribunale. Aveva il diabete e aveva riferito precedenti comi diabetici.",
      "ar": "ترصد هيومن رايتس ووتش سنوات العزل وسوء المعاملة وقصور الرعاية قبل وفاة مرسي بقفص المحكمة. كان مصابًا بالسكري وسبق أن أبلغ عن غيبوبات سكر.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "day",
      "limit_en": "Read the source for its interview base, dates and evidentiary scope.",
      "limit_it": "Consultare la fonte per interviste, date e portata delle prove.",
      "limit_ar": "تُراجع الوثيقة لمعرفة مقابلاتها وتواريخها ونطاق الأدلة."
    },
    {
      "id": "IT-REGENI-COVERUP",
      "date": "2021-12-01",
      "event": "2016-03-24",
      "type": "parliament",
      "topic": "regeni",
      "publisher": "Camera dei deputati — parliamentary inquiry commission",
      "title": "Parliamentary inquiry: five Egyptians killed and falsely blamed in the Regeni case",
      "url": "https://documenti.camera.it/_dati/leg18/lavori/documentiparlamentari/indiceetesti/022bis/001/INTERO.pdf",
      "en": "The Italian parliamentary inquiry describes the killing of five men and their instrumental blaming for Regeni’s abduction as a diversion of the investigation. See printed page 196.",
      "it": "La commissione parlamentare descrive l’uccisione di cinque uomini e la loro strumentale accusa per il sequestro di Regeni come un depistaggio. Si veda pagina stampata 196.",
      "ar": "يصف التحقيق البرلماني الإيطالي مقتل خمسة رجال وإلصاق خطف ريجيني بهم باعتباره تضليلًا لمسار التحقيق. انظر الصفحة المطبوعة 196.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "day",
      "limit_en": "Parliamentary findings; distinct from a criminal conviction against an identified officer.",
      "limit_it": "Conclusioni parlamentari, distinte da una condanna penale di un agente identificato.",
      "limit_ar": "نتائج تحقيق برلماني، منفصلة عن إدانة جنائية لضابط محدد."
    },
    {
      "id": "RAI-REGENI-MOTHER",
      "date": "2016-03-29",
      "event": "2016-03-29",
      "type": "reporting",
      "topic": "regeni",
      "publisher": "RAI News — Paola Deffendi’s press conference",
      "title": "Paola Deffendi: Giulio was tortured and killed like an Egyptian",
      "url": "https://www.rainews.it/archivio-rainews/articoli/La-madre-di-Giulio-Regeni-Sul-suo-viso-il-male-del-mondo-616ec0de-eac4-490e-b0ae-b285f8e2860d.html",
      "en": "At her press conference, Regeni’s mother connected her son’s torture and killing to the experience of Egyptian victims.",
      "it": "Nella conferenza stampa, la madre di Regeni collega torture e uccisione del figlio all’esperienza delle vittime egiziane.",
      "ar": "ربطت والدة ريجيني في مؤتمرها الصحفي تعذيب ابنها وقتله بما يعيشه الضحايا المصريون.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "day",
      "limit_en": "Read the source for its interview base, dates and evidentiary scope.",
      "limit_it": "Consultare la fonte per interviste, date e portata delle prove.",
      "limit_ar": "تُراجع الوثيقة لمعرفة مقابلاتها وتواريخها ونطاق الأدلة."
    },
    {
      "id": "AFP-UMM-ZUBEIDA",
      "date": "2018-03-02",
      "event": "2018-02-28",
      "type": "reporting",
      "topic": "women",
      "publisher": "AFP, published by The Peninsula",
      "title": "Umm Zubeida detained after speaking to the BBC",
      "url": "https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/02/03/2018/Egypt-detains-mother-accused-of-spreading-false-news",
      "original_url": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-sh/shadow_over_egypt",
      "en": "AFP reports the mother’s detention after her BBC interview. Her daughter subsequently publicly disputed the disappearance account; the original testimony and later development must be read together.",
      "it": "AFP riferisce la detenzione della madre dopo l’intervista alla BBC. La figlia ha poi contestato pubblicamente il racconto della sparizione: testimonianza e sviluppo successivo vanno letti insieme.",
      "ar": "تنقل فرانس برس اعتقال الأم بعد مقابلتها مع بي بي سي. ظهرت الابنة لاحقًا ونازعت رواية اختفائها؛ تُقرأ شهادة الأم مع هذا التطور اللاحق.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15",
      "event_precision": "day",
      "limit_en": "The mother’s account is testimony, not an independently established finding of rape or disappearance. Do not describe the daughter as currently missing.",
      "limit_it": "Il racconto della madre è una testimonianza, non un accertamento indipendente di stupro o sparizione. La figlia non va presentata come tuttora scomparsa.",
      "limit_ar": "رواية الأم شهادة، وليست إثباتًا مستقلًا لواقعة اغتصاب أو اختفاء. لا تُعرض الابنة باعتبارها مفقودة حاليًا."
    },
    {
      "id": "JEWAR-WOMEN-1090",
      "date": "2026-09-14",
      "event": null,
      "event_precision": "not_exact",
      "type": "advocacy",
      "topic": "women",
      "publisher": "Jewar Relief — attributed post by Abdelrahman al-Badrawi",
      "title": "Jewar reports 1,090 women held at 10th of Ramadan Prison, Rehabilitation 4",
      "url": "https://jewarrelief.org/?lang=ar",
      "original_url": "https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1dStubVady",
      "en": "Jewar’s news feed reports 1,090 women held in Rehabilitation 4 at 10th of Ramadan Prison. The figure concerns this facility, not a nationwide political-prisoner census.",
      "it": "Il notiziario di Jewar riporta 1.090 donne detenute nel reparto Riabilitazione 4 del carcere del 10 Ramadan. Il dato riguarda questa struttura, non un censimento nazionale delle detenute politiche.",
      "ar": "ينقل قسم أخبار جوار وجود 1090 امرأة محتجزة في تأهيل 4 بسجن العاشر من رمضان. يخص الرقم هذه المنشأة، وليس تعدادًا وطنيًا للمعتقلات السياسيات.",
      "limit_en": "14 September is the date displayed in Jewar’s feed. No underlying counting methodology or per-person political classification is supplied there. The linked Facebook post could not be retrieved.",
      "limit_it": "Il 14 settembre è la data mostrata da Jewar. Non sono forniti metodo di conteggio o classificazione politica individuale. Il post Facebook collegato non è stato recuperato.",
      "limit_ar": "14 سبتمبر هو التاريخ المعروض في أخبار جوار. لا يُرفق هناك منهج العد أو التصنيف السياسي لكل محتجزة. تعذر استرجاع منشور فيسبوك المرتبط.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15"
    },
    {
      "id": "HRW-60000-IMPRISONED",
      "date": "2017-09-11",
      "event": null,
      "event_precision": "not_exact",
      "type": "ngo",
      "topic": "imprisonment",
      "publisher": "Human Rights Watch",
      "title": "Britain Should Be Championing Rights Not Repression in Egypt",
      "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/09/11/britain-should-be-championing-rights-not-repression-egypt",
      "en": "HRW reported upwards of 60,000 people imprisoned during the previous four years under Sisi, alongside widespread torture and suppression of protest.",
      "it": "HRW riportava oltre 60.000 persone incarcerate nei quattro anni precedenti sotto Sisi, insieme a tortura diffusa e repressione delle proteste.",
      "ar": "ذكرت هيومن رايتس ووتش سجن أكثر من 60 ألف شخص في السنوات الأربع السابقة تحت حكم السيسي، إلى جانب التعذيب الواسع وقمع التظاهر.",
      "limit_en": "A published estimate in September 2017 covering the preceding four years; do not turn it into a verified current headcount or a count of recycled cases.",
      "limit_it": "Stima pubblicata nel settembre 2017 sui quattro anni precedenti; non è un conteggio attuale verificato né dei casi di riciclo.",
      "limit_ar": "تقدير منشور في سبتمبر 2017 عن السنوات الأربع السابقة؛ لا يُحوّل إلى تعداد حالي متحقق أو عدد لحالات التدوير.",
      "review": "reviewed",
      "last_checked": "2026-10-15"
    }
  ],
  "custody": {
    "research_date": "2026-10-15",
    "topic": "Deaths in custody, Egypt",
    "status": "DRAFT_RESEARCH_NOT_ADJUDICATED",
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "CFJ-2019",
        "url": "https://www.cfjustice.org/with-no-accountability/",
        "date": "2019-12-10",
        "title": "With No Accountability",
        "method": "Monitored/documented incidents; official and unofficial detention; criminal and political cases. Historical snapshot, not population census."
      },
      {
        "id": "CFJ-2020",
        "url": "https://www.cfjustice.org/annual-report-egypt-in-2020-was-torn-between-intensified-repression-and-the-covid-19-pandemic/",
        "date": "2021-04-13",
        "title": "Annual report: Egypt in 2020",
        "method": "101 monitored deaths; distinguish monitoring from higher-threshold documentation."
      },
      {
        "id": "CFJ-2021",
        "url": "https://www.cfjustice.org/egyptian-prisons-rehabilitation-centres-or-graves-for-human-rights/",
        "date": "2022-05-09",
        "title": "Egyptian prisons: rehabilitation centres or graves for human rights",
        "method": "Annual report documents deaths as a violation category; monitored facility coverage is not a census."
      },
      {
        "id": "CFJ-2022",
        "url": "https://www.cfjustice.org/egypt-in-2022-cfj-documented-7283-violations-in-detention-centers-2/",
        "date": "2023-05-19",
        "title": "Egypt in 2022: CFJ documented 7283 violations in detention centers",
        "method": "48 documented death violations in annual report; aggregate source covers 73 facilities."
      },
      {
        "id": "CFJ-2023",
        "url": "https://www.cfjustice.org/egypt-committed-3537-human-rights-violations-against-detainees-in-2023-says-cfj/",
        "date": "2024-03-21",
        "title": "Egypt committed 3,537 human rights violations against detainees in 2023, says CFJ",
        "method": "36 documented death violations; aggregate source covers 49 facilities."
      },
      {
        "id": "CFJ-2024-confirm",
        "url": "https://www.cfjustice.org/egypt-the-cfj-documents-death-of-political-detainee-due-to-medical-negligence-at-menya-al-qamh-police-station-in-sharqia/",
        "date": "2025-05-09",
        "title": "CFJ death report at Menya al-Qamh",
        "method": "Retrospective statement gives 50 documented deaths during 2024; not a dedicated annual methodology source."
      },
      {
        "id": "CFJ-2025-annual",
        "url": "https://www.cfjustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Annual-Analytical-Report-2025-.pdf",
        "date": "2026-02-17",
        "title": "Annual Analytical Report 2025",
        "method": "Search-index text reports 55 deaths; other cause categories overlap. PDF text extraction did not recover this passage: further page-level verification required."
      },
      {
        "id": "CFJ-2025-UN",
        "url": "https://www.cfjustice.org/oral-statement-hrc62-cfj-urges-the-human-rights-council-to-address-the-death-penalty-through-the-lens-of-the-prohibition-of-torture-and-deaths-in-detention-facilities-in-egypt/",
        "date": "2026-06-24",
        "title": "Oral Statement HRC62",
        "method": "Statement reports 56 deaths in 2025 and 21 from January to 24 May 2026; not interchangeable with later 60."
      },
      {
        "id": "CFJ-2026-September",
        "url": "https://www.cfjustice.org/egypt-committee-for-justice-documents-the-death-of-ahmed-abu-suna-inside-tanta-first-police-station-following-a-deterioration-in-his-health-condition/",
        "date": "2026-09-28",
        "title": "Death of Ahmed Abu Suna inside Tanta First Police Station",
        "method": "Rolling cumulative count: 54 since start 2026; retrospective 60 for 2025. Cutoff is report publication, not 15 October."
      },
      {
        "id": "CFJ-method",
        "url": "https://www.cfjustice.org/cfj-methodology-and-use-of-legal-terminology/",
        "date": null,
        "title": "CFJ Methodology and Use of Legal Terminology",
        "method": "Available-information sample, not representative random sample; statistics revisable up or down. Historical page mentions 94 facilities, not universal current coverage."
      },
      {
        "id": "Nadeem-2018",
        "url": "https://elnadeem.org/2019/06/20/2191/?lang=en",
        "date": "2019-06-20",
        "title": "Medical neglect in prisons ... Morsi will not be the last victim",
        "method": "Joint statement claims 245 medical-neglect deaths in 2018 based on cited monitoring report. Incompatible with CFJ count108; do not combine or treat as independent corroboration (CFJ co-signs)."
      }
    ],
    "annual_observations": [
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "count": 85,
        "start": "2013-06-30",
        "end": "2013-12-31",
        "source_id": "CFJ-2019",
        "status": "PARTIAL_YEAR_HISTORICAL_SNAPSHOT"
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "count": 183,
        "start": "2014-01-01",
        "end": "2014-12-31",
        "source_id": "CFJ-2019",
        "status": "ANNUAL_HISTORICAL_SNAPSHOT"
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "count": 217,
        "start": "2015-01-01",
        "end": "2015-12-31",
        "source_id": "CFJ-2019",
        "status": "ANNUAL_HISTORICAL_SNAPSHOT"
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "count": 129,
        "start": "2016-01-01",
        "end": "2016-12-31",
        "source_id": "CFJ-2019",
        "status": "ANNUAL_HISTORICAL_SNAPSHOT"
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "count": 146,
        "start": "2017-01-01",
        "end": "2017-12-31",
        "source_id": "CFJ-2019",
        "status": "ANNUAL_HISTORICAL_SNAPSHOT"
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "count": 108,
        "start": "2018-01-01",
        "end": "2018-12-31",
        "source_id": "CFJ-2019",
        "status": "ANNUAL_HISTORICAL_SNAPSHOT"
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "count": 48,
        "start": "2019-01-01",
        "end": "2019-12-01",
        "source_id": "CFJ-2019",
        "status": "PARTIAL_YEAR_HISTORICAL_SNAPSHOT"
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "count": 101,
        "start": "2020-01-01",
        "end": "2020-12-31",
        "source_id": "CFJ-2020",
        "status": "SOURCE_REPORTED_ANNUAL"
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "count": 62,
        "start": "2021-01-01",
        "end": "2021-12-31",
        "source_id": "CFJ-2021",
        "status": "SOURCE_REPORTED_ANNUAL"
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "count": 48,
        "start": "2022-01-01",
        "end": "2022-12-31",
        "source_id": "CFJ-2022",
        "status": "SOURCE_REPORTED_ANNUAL"
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "count": 36,
        "start": "2023-01-01",
        "end": "2023-12-31",
        "source_id": "CFJ-2023",
        "status": "SOURCE_REPORTED_ANNUAL"
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "count": 50,
        "start": "2024-01-01",
        "end": "2024-12-31",
        "source_id": "CFJ-2024-confirm",
        "status": "SOURCE_REPORTED_ANNUAL"
      },
      {
        "year": 2025,
        "count": null,
        "start": "2025-01-01",
        "end": "2025-12-31",
        "status": "CONFLICT_REQUIRES_RECONCILIATION",
        "alternatives": [
          {
            "count": 55,
            "source_id": "CFJ-2025-annual",
            "verification": "Search index only for numeric passage"
          },
          {
            "count": 56,
            "source_id": "CFJ-2025-UN",
            "verification": "Primary HTML read"
          },
          {
            "count": 60,
            "source_id": "CFJ-2026-September",
            "verification": "Primary HTML read"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "year": 2026,
        "count": 54,
        "start": "2026-01-01",
        "end": "2026-09-28",
        "source_id": "CFJ-2026-September",
        "status": "PARTIAL_YEAR_REPORT_SNAPSHOT",
        "note": "Not a verified total through 2026-10-15. Later incidents may exist; do not add to rolling count without case deduplication."
      }
    ],
    "alternate_observations": [
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "count": 245,
        "category": "medical-neglect deaths",
        "source_id": "Nadeem-2018",
        "status": "INCOMPATIBLE_SERIES_HOLD"
      }
    ],
    "warnings": [
      "No grand total or rate should be computed from these snapshots.",
      "2019 source headline aggregate958 conflicts with annual components sum916. Preserve reported values; do not silently repair.",
      "2013 covers only post30June; 2019 only through1December. Neither a full-calendar total.",
      "2025 sources disagree55/56/60; leave primary annual count null.",
      "2026 latest verified cumulative source here is28September, not cutoff15October.",
      "Counts are NGO-source findings, not official exhaustive national counts or judicial determinations.",
      "Claims about causes and responsibility remain attributed to the reporting organization."
    ],
    "unresolved": [
      "Full-year2013 and2019 totals",
      "Reconcile2019 annual breakdown with headline958",
      "Reconcile2025 series and category overlap",
      "Verify latest2026 cumulative through15October",
      "Page-level check2025 PDF count55",
      "Case-level deduplication across organizations and revisions"
    ]
  },
  "incidents": [
    [
      "2013-07-08",
      [
        "Republican Guard massacre",
        "Massacro della Guardia repubblicana",
        "مجزرة الحرس الجمهوري"
      ],
      "61",
      "HRW-RABAA",
      "protest"
    ],
    [
      "2013-07-27",
      [
        "Al-Manassa massacre",
        "Massacro di al-Manassa",
        "مجزرة المنصة"
      ],
      "≥95",
      "HRW-RABAA",
      "protest"
    ],
    [
      "2013-08-14",
      [
        "Rabaa massacre",
        "Massacro di Rabaa",
        "مجزرة رابعة"
      ],
      "≥817",
      "HRW-RABAA",
      "protest"
    ],
    [
      "2013-08-14",
      [
        "Nahda massacre",
        "Massacro di Nahda",
        "مجزرة النهضة"
      ],
      "87",
      "HRW-RABAA",
      "protest"
    ],
    [
      "2025-04-10",
      [
        "Marsa Matrouh",
        "Marsa Matrouh",
        "مرسى مطروح"
      ],
      "2",
      "HRW-MATROUH",
      "alleged"
    ]
  ],
  "cumulative_total": null,
  "cumulative_reason": "Incompatible periods, verification thresholds, revisions and unresolved overlaps",
  "directory_links": [
    [
      "UK government",
      "Home Office: Egypt country information",
      "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/egypt-country-policy-and-information-notes"
    ],
    [
      "UK government",
      "FCDO Human Rights and Democracy reports",
      "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/human-rights-and-democracy-reports"
    ],
    [
      "UK government",
      "UK Parliament",
      "https://www.parliament.uk/"
    ],
    [
      "US government",
      "US State Department country reports",
      "https://www.state.gov/reports/country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/"
    ],
    [
      "United Nations",
      "OHCHR",
      "https://www.ohchr.org/"
    ],
    [
      "United Nations",
      "UN treaty bodies",
      "https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/"
    ],
    [
      "United Nations",
      "UN Human Rights Council",
      "https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/home"
    ],
    [
      "United Nations",
      "UN Special Procedures",
      "https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures-human-rights-council"
    ],
    [
      "Rights organisations",
      "Human Rights Watch — Egypt",
      "https://www.hrw.org/middle-east/north-africa/egypt"
    ],
    [
      "Rights organisations",
      "Amnesty International — Egypt",
      "https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/north-africa/egypt/"
    ],
    [
      "Rights organisations",
      "Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights",
      "https://eipr.org/en"
    ],
    [
      "Rights organisations",
      "Committee for Justice",
      "https://www.cfjustice.org/"
    ],
    [
      "Rights organisations",
      "El Nadeem Center",
      "https://elnadeem.org/"
    ],
    [
      "Rights organisations",
      "Egyptian Front for Human Rights",
      "https://egyptianfront.org/"
    ],
    [
      "Rights organisations",
      "Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies",
      "https://cihrs.org/"
    ],
    [
      "Rights organisations",
      "Arab Organization for Human Rights — separately identified directory",
      "https://aohrarab.com/"
    ],
    [
      "Italy",
      "Ministero della Giustizia",
      "https://www.giustizia.it/"
    ],
    [
      "Italy",
      "Camera dei deputati",
      "https://www.camera.it/"
    ],
    [
      "Italy",
      "Senato della Repubblica",
      "https://www.senato.it/"
    ],
    [
      "Italy",
      "Amnesty International Italia",
      "https://www.amnesty.it/"
    ]
  ],
  "link_correction": {
    "excluded": "aohr.net",
    "reason": "Unrelated commercial redirect during review",
    "separately_identified": "https://aohrarab.com/"
  },
  "unresolved": [
    "Signed Regeni merits judgment and reasons; appellate filings and finality",
    "2025 custody counts and source reconciliation",
    "Full-year 2013/2019 counts and latest 2026 through 15 October",
    "Independent verification of reported allegations and source-level methodologies"
  ]
}