International reporting connects the history of repression in Egypt with the lives it has affected. Read the issuing organisations’ findings, follow their sources and keep the people behind the records in view.
references
38
organisations
9
HRW annual chapters
13
Publication year and period covered
The date identifies the publication or edition, while coverage identifies the period examined. A 2026 annual report generally reviews events in 2025; the coverage field preserves the period recorded by each reference.
An investigation documenting six mass killings, including the Republican Guard, Manassa, Rabaa and Nahda. It documented at least 817 killed at Rabaa alone and found the pattern likely amounted to crimes against humanity.
An investigation documenting six mass killings, including the Republican Guard, Manassa, Rabaa and Nahda. It documented at least 817 killed at Rabaa alone and found the pattern likely amounted to crimes against humanity.
Early field documentation of killings at the Republican Guard and other July incidents, drawing on witnesses, injured protesters, medical staff and scene evidence. Amnesty found lethal force used against people posing no threat to life.
Early field documentation of killings at the Republican Guard and other July incidents, drawing on witnesses, injured protesters, medical staff and scene evidence. Amnesty found lethal force used against people posing no threat to life.
Examines the first months after the July 2013 coup: protest killings, arrests, torture, restrictions on peaceful expression and assembly, and persistent impunity.
Examines the first months after the July 2013 coup: protest killings, arrests, torture, restrictions on peaceful expression and assembly, and persistent impunity.
Documents violence against women and girls at home, in public and in custody, showing how inadequate legal protection and impunity undermine safety and participation in public life.
Documents violence against women and girls at home, in public and in custody, showing how inadequate legal protection and impunity undermine safety and participation in public life.
Documents enforced disappearance, torture and coerced confessions involving students, activists and children, and the ordeal of families searching for missing relatives.
Documents enforced disappearance, torture and coerced confessions involving students, activists and children, and the ordeal of families searching for missing relatives.
Torture & disappearanceDetention & trialsChildren in detention
Documents beatings, electric shocks and sexual violence, and the impunity sustaining torture. HRW found that widespread, systematic torture likely amounted to a crime against humanity.
Documents beatings, electric shocks and sexual violence, and the impunity sustaining torture. HRW found that widespread, systematic torture likely amounted to a crime against humanity.
Investigates arbitrary arrest, disappearance, torture, killings and displacement in North Sinai. It documents abuses by security forces and the ISIS affiliate, centring civilians’ suffering during the conflict.
Investigates arbitrary arrest, disappearance, torture, killings and displacement in North Sinai. It documents abuses by security forces and the ISIS affiliate, centring civilians’ suffering during the conflict.
Documents the Supreme State Security Prosecution’s role in arbitrary detention and denial of fair-trial safeguards, and the use of counterterrorism laws against peaceful expression, politics and rights work.
Documents the Supreme State Security Prosecution’s role in arbitrary detention and denial of fair-trial safeguards, and the use of counterterrorism laws against peaceful expression, politics and rights work.
Detention & trialsTorture & disappearanceFreedoms & civil society
A joint investigation with Belady documenting abuses against 20 children aged 12–17 when arrested, including disappearance, torture and coerced confessions.
A joint investigation with Belady documenting abuses against 20 children aged 12–17 when arrested, including disappearance, torture and coerced confessions.
Children in detentionTorture & disappearanceDetention & trials
Connects inhumane detention conditions and denial of care with prisoners’ and families’ suffering, and with preventable deaths and lasting health damage in some cases.
Connects inhumane detention conditions and denial of care with prisoners’ and families’ suffering, and with preventable deaths and lasting health damage in some cases.
Addresses torture, incommunicado detention, enforced disappearance and access to lawyers and doctors, setting out Egypt’s obligations to prevent abuses and ensure accountability.
Addresses torture, incommunicado detention, enforced disappearance and access to lawyers and doctors, setting out Egypt’s obligations to prevent abuses and ensure accountability.
Torture & disappearanceDetention & trialsPrisons & denial of care
Documents arbitrary arrests, cruel detention conditions and forced returns of Sudanese people to a war zone without access to asylum or an opportunity to challenge removal.
Documents arbitrary arrests, cruel detention conditions and forced returns of Sudanese people to a war zone without access to asylum or an opportunity to challenge removal.
Tracks repression of journalists and rights defenders, recycling of detention cases and restrictive legislation affecting freedoms and privacy around Egypt’s UN review.
Tracks repression of journalists and rights defenders, recycling of detention cases and restrictive legislation affecting freedoms and privacy around Egypt’s UN review.
Rates Egypt Not Free at 18/100, describing the suppression of meaningful political opposition, severe restrictions on expression and assembly, and impunity.
Rates Egypt Not Free at 18/100, describing the suppression of meaningful political opposition, severe restrictions on expression and assembly, and impunity.
Tracks website blocking, surveillance and prosecutions of users and journalists, and the chilling effect of punishment. Egypt is rated Not Free at 28/100.
Tracks website blocking, surveillance and prosecutions of users and journalists, and the chilling effect of punishment. Egypt is rated Not Free at 28/100.
The international census records 18 journalists imprisoned in Egypt in its 1 December 2025 snapshot and describes retaliatory arrests and harsh prison conditions.
The international census records 18 journalists imprisoned in Egypt in its 1 December 2025 snapshot and describes retaliatory arrests and harsh prison conditions.
Places Egypt among the ten worst countries for workers, documenting blocked union registration, detained unionists and criminalisation of strikes and minimum-wage demands. Egypt section: printed page 42.
Places Egypt among the ten worst countries for workers, documenting blocked union registration, detained unionists and criminalisation of strikes and minimum-wage demands. Egypt section: printed page 42.
The 2026 edition again places Egypt among the ten worst countries for workers, within its assessment of violations of organising, expression and assembly rights.
The 2026 edition again places Egypt among the ten worst countries for workers, within its assessment of violations of organising, expression and assembly rights.
